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Albania during World War I
Albania declared independence from the Ottoman Empire in November 28, 1912 and was recognized by the Great European Powers in 1913. A new country with various ethnic groups, it quickly unraveled and just a few months after taking power its leader William of Wied was forced to flee. After World War I broke out, anarchy took hold of the country as tribes and regions rebelled against central rule. To protect the Greek minority, Greek control was established in the southern districts replacing the Northern Epirote units. In response to this, Italy also landed troops, while Serbia and Montenegro took control of northern regions. In 1915 Serbia was overrun by the Imperial Austro-Hungarian Army and the Serbian army retreated through Albania quickly followed by the Austro-Hungarian Army. As a result, the Austrians occupied most of the country, until a multinational Allied force broke through Austrian and German lines in 1918.
==Background==
(詳細はAlbania was a country only created a few years before World War I. In the aftermath of the Balkan Wars Serbia, Montenegro and Greece all occupied and claimed parts of Albania. Aubrey Herbert, a British MP who passionately advocated the Albanian cause in London. It was decided that William of Wied, a German prince would become leader of the new Principality of Albania. The Principality under William of Wied was established on 21 February 1914 and Prince William arrived in Albania at his provisional capital of Durrës on 7 March 1914 along with the Royal family. The security of Albania was to be provided by a Gendarmerie commanded by Dutch officers. Inside Albania he was called the King William outside Albania, Prince William.
The southern part of the country, Epirote, which was ethnically Greek, grated at being part of Albania and when the Greek soldiers left, it rose up against William. Under pressure from the great powers the Greeks backed down on independence demands and negotiations were carried out on the island of Corfu, where on 17 May 1914 Albanian and Epirote representatives signed an agreement known as the Protocol of Corfu. According to its terms Epirote would acquire complete autonomous existence (as a ''corpus separatum'') under the nominal Albanian sovereignty of Prince Wied. The agreement of the Protocol was ratified by the representatives of the Great Powers at Athens on 18 June and by the Albanian government on 23 June.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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